Sustainable Frame Work for Financing Mining Sector of Edo State

The availability of immense solid Mineral  in Edo is no longer in doubt as we have proven reserve of Dolomite, limestone, feldspar, kaolin, Granite , Gold , Sand among others. This becomes more authenticated when Journal of National research Volume 3, No.11 published in 2013 shows the distribution of limestone, dolomite and Marble within Akoko Edo, okpella, igara, atte, Etsako to mention few geographical locations. This was the view point discribled by Gov. Godwin Obaseki in December 18, 2016 on Nigeria Observer news that "Edo solid minerals can generate more revenue than oil".

 But to strengthen the investor in the mining industry require a clear Road Maps for a sustainable funding. 

Who are the Miners?

A Miner is someone or a company having relevant Mining Rights, permits or licences from the Federal Government that are currently working no matter how small the level of operations is. Hence this Narrow our search to active Title Holders and not Lease Speculators or illegal Miners. In providing the Frame Work, the Title holders in Edo State is about 45 Companies. Hence ,  A Funding scheme will be Target at this Audience. 

Most Mineral Title holders are willing to change this country economy story if they have the required equipment (Mining weapons).  Mining as a sector depends on equipment and machinery, most operations in the mine from development operation to haulage and mineral processing requires earth working machines. As there is little to what local tools and labour intensive mining operation system can go in Mineral exploitation. Just as Federal government is interested in switcheroo economy change from solid miners, The mining sectors are also willing to deliver only if government can save them from the hinge of machinery limitation. Thou past government administration had been coming up with funding ideas through BOI and other loan system but it obvious that past era loan system had fail to metamorphose mining sector for good. This is because most productive Mineral Title holders are not getting what they need from the loaning system, what they need is beyond huge loan. Huge loan will be limited to the mining lions (larges scale miners LSM) whereas the cats (small scale miners SSM & quarry miners QM) who are the largest and the highest producer will have no benefit at all.

Giving loans is not a bad idea, but loan is only limited to the beneficiary unlike buying equipment and machinery for regional Mining Association. This will be a unanimous advantage as individual Miner/Mineral Title holders can easily hirer the equipments at subsidize low rate.

In doing this,

1. Income from equipment will stabilize the Mining sector and MAN body,

2. Miners have an increase in production which will generate more revenue to Government in terms of Royalty since royalty and tax paid is directly proportional to miners production rate,

3. It will also be a means of employment generation as larger mine will be developed and lease holder will maximize the entitled working space instead of creter working space exploit by manual tools,

4. Private equipment hiring will be restructured and normalize under competition influence, this will also be an advantage to Miners.

The funding are suggested to be in the following ways

1 Soft Loans for Miners

 2. Acquisition of Mining Equipment 

Excavator cat330 BL 3 PC's

Dozer D8k 2pcs

 Drilling Machine,

 Atlas Copco ROCL8,

 2pcsPortable Compressor 10pcs

Proposed Equipment control System (ECS)

 All related suggestion like this had always been crushed on the base of poor maintaince and incompetent/good management of the equipment. To curb this challenge, the idea below was suggested as the greatest way to synergistically avoid the idea limitation.

A Team suggested to be called Equipment Provider (EP) will be created under the auspices of Miner Association of Nigeria Edo State Branch. The team will be in charge of equipment hiring, maintenance and mobilization regulation to Miners at a reduced Rates.

Concluding remark

Miners can always exploit the ore Ultimately when the required machines and equipments are available. Private equipment hiring are limited, available machines are not accessible and old , how can mining sector consisting of more than 45 plus mineral title holders cope with 3 or 4 excavator? The equipment will be over use, miners operation will be limited to what manual labor capacity can do. When will Nigeria solid Mineral break record with low working capital and labour intensive system? The problem is not Mineral deposit unlike others who go hundred meters into the earth crust to get the mineral, we have deposits as outcrop. We are blessed with shallow overburden deposit, some are even zero overburden but still, country like South Africa known for underground mining still surpass us. 

 We have identify the problem now and also provide the necessary solution to cause change. God bless Nigeria, God bless MAN.

By: Engr Fatai Jimoh

DREAM THE FUTURE NOW: JOB VACANCY MASTER KEY

This article will dendriticaly explain how someone can add value to himself,  how to become the best in your field of study and get the job of your dream.

It not new that securing job nowadays is very difficult for fresh graduates and that only those flexible enough with content rich brain can secure for themselves good job even after 4/5 years of study. Is not by grade or certificate now, the new currency exchange in labor market for job is value the son of knowledge. Thanks to God almighty, the giver of all wisdom, wisdom is the principal thing, in all your gettings get wisdom and knowledge.

Actually, most Mining Engineers are paid base on productiveness, efficiency and knowledge inbuilt. This fact can't be compromised, how good is it if you can be sincere with yourself as a student reading this article or as a graduate reading this article, ARE YOU EMPLOYABLE? CAN YOU ACTUALLY DELIVER BY DEFENDING THE CERTIFICATE YOU CARRY??

 Job interview is a package put in place by Company MD, HRM, CEO, COO to weigh each applicants.

All applicants on a normal level have Certificate which makes them qualify as an applicant.

But all applicants are not of the same capacity when been examined.

Why?

The answer is that,

The content in you will determine what you weigh on the interview weighing balance.

The truth is that you can not weigh more than what you carry, you can not have more than what you search and you can't search more than what you know about something.

How will you know???

Knowledge is power because it is informative!

"You know by reading or by listening"

Delineate your chance of getting job by getting value, search for value and add as much as you can to yourself. How can I get, add and build value to myself?????

This is the greatest question, I will have like to get answer to when I was in Senior secondary school,

If I had such opportunity to get answer to this question before my admission into polytechnic then it would have been of great advantage.

Because, until you know how to add value to your certificate (first class, second class, third class, or pass) you will remain useless even when school certificate certified you to be competent, whereas drop out are making cool money from your field of study.

Value makes first class student worthless and useless in a company whereas *pass* is taking led of high position. Value makes an agricultural Engineer held a mine company where the so called Mining engineer is a haulage manager.

Value makes civil engineer the MD of a quarry where a valueless mining Engineer take charge of audit unit.

How can I get value, how can I build value and how can I sustain value?????

.....Value Is the present worth  of a thing, lets ask ourselves  what is our present  worth...

The first thing to do is to identify the real aspect of your field you will like to practice after graduation.

For example,

Mining engineering is aution into two:

1.Surface mining

2.Underground mining

For surface Mining there are different duties and job description

1. Solid mineral sector

2. Oil and gas sector

I like teaching this because, this is the foundation to getting knowledge.

The settling velocity of knowledge is a function of passion.

But higher institutions course prospectus will not limit you to your passion but will only point you to your passion without stopping at the nude where you can just go for it. The unfortunate thing is that, we can't change this.

But we can fold the influence such that the limbs dip towards our passion.

 Let navigate into the  selection of path now. Mining as a field of study is broad, You can't do everything and practice all.

In versity, you will only be Introduced to all, while you practice one.

It becomes difficult to perform well sometimes for some people because, as a student for example I may have passion for oil and gas and now I find myself in FUTA, department of Mining Engineering.

To me, I love oil and gas!!!!

But for FUTA you must go through all courses which is up to 80+ even if you will only do two major course (MNE403: introduction to petroleum and MNE 505: Petroleum reservoir Engineering) which are the only aspect you like to feed on.

The best thing to do is this:

At start,

1. Get your core aspect well.

What I mean is this, try understand which company you will like to work after school and what you will like to do in the company.

This is it:

If I am a mining Engineer, I have passion for solid mineral sector, I like to work with Dangote, I love quarry work, I have passion for dilling and blasting.

 Above all, I think my core area is drilling

 Under drilling, you need to add value to yourself on anything relating to:

1. Type of drilling

2. Drilling equipment (for your case now surface mining equipment and those used by Dangote and related companies)

3. Drill pattern and blast design

4. Any other thin on drilling as applicable to Dangote competitors

This is not all, For you to add concentrated value and not gangues/tailings value.

Go online and download the requirements for Drilling Engineer job in Dangote related companies.

In any job description, there is always requirements Get this,

For example

Dangote or BUA requires the knowledge of one software for you to apply as a drilling Engineer.

You don't owe Dangote or BUA anything than to go online study the softy now and have the idea even if you can't get the set up due to high capital require to get it's product key.

Never sit down and feed on handout alone.

Most mining companies live on past experience and idea.

I think, it's time we change this ideology.

Nigeria mineral sector will never develop until they give room for change in old age approach.

You tell them 2020 principle, they will bring out 1950s class note whose principles, model and laws had been modified since 1980.

Start building your career now, fast forward you life now, check those things you will be lacking in the future and learn them now.

STOP WASTING TIME, STOP PROCASTINATING...

This is the conclusion of all, that tomorrow is having enough burden available for you to bear, prolonging those burden you can bear now to tomorrow is a yoke already!

There is a saying that, "The Best way to predict what the future will look like is to create one now".

Nothing is to difficult to navigate through if you have the compass, the issue is not lack of job, the issue is lack of valuable graduate who can make impact. Don't stop at your yesterday knowledge, get more and more.., don't wait till you join the labour market where thousands are searching for job, start creating one for yourself now, you will be extraordinary if you get yourself familiar with your Field odour now, if I am now a graduate, what will be the different things i can do to a company that will make them find intereste in me??

Will it be my certificate?

My dressing to the interview?

My connection ?

Many have all these but still using their first class brain to teach in secondary school, you couldn't get the job because you don't meet their standard, you will never get it because you refuse to standardise your certificate.

Is never to late to open and close your door! Taste for it and go for it now..

Above all, put GOD first, HE give information and direction to those who trust in HIM.

Thanks so much

Follow me to get update on my new post.

Are you confused on How to Get what your passion is? click here to learn the ways to find your passion

The mystery of Mining engineer Tools: Drilling and Blasting

 I will be sharing knowledge on most important aspect of Mining Engineering, which is Drilling and blasting.

 Actually, I always considered this as the most important aspect because as a Mining Engineer this is our tool, this is the only aspect that other Engineers can never share with us as a Miner.

This aspect is wide and extend to various other Fields.

Some of which are:

1.Petroleum in terms of casing perforation, Exploration (seismic survey) among other applications

2. Civil engineering works in the aspect of road construction ( road obstacle rock fragmentation), subsurface liquidification/compaction to mention few.

3. Borehole drilling: most time during Borehole drilling bed rock encountered are fragmented by blasting.

This is just few out of the application of drilling and blasting in other Fields.

What is Drilling?

Drilling is the creation of artificial hole into rock by man controlled or automated machines without the admittance of man in the hole. Most mining Engineers define drilling from their field perspective as: "Creation of artificial cavity into insitu rock outcrop or Boulders mainly for the placement of explosive and other blasting agents". This definition as I had earlier said is from the perspective of a Mining Engineer, because generally speaking drilling is not only carried out for blasting operation only. Drilling can be done for other purposes like; Tunnel boring using TBM, shaft boring using SBM, Raise boring using RBM, drilling can be done for mechanical   purposes(riveting, bolting among others), drilling can be done for underground wall and roof support purposes,to mention few.

There are basically four method of drilling but not limited to these four.

1. Rotary drilling

2. Percussive drilling

3. Rotary percussive drilling

4. Thermal drilling.

We have other special drilling methods like seismic, chemical drilling methods

 Drilling for Blasting is base on the rock drillability.

This is the ability of the rock to allow the   ease penetration of the bit during Drilling. This drillability is a function of the rock strength, grain size, grain arrangement, rock type. Drilling operation by rotary method involve the advancement of a rotating bit mounted on a string into the rock. The rotating bit cut the rock grains and crush it as the bit advance.  In percussive drilling, the drilling principle is base on hammering of the bit by a heavy load.This method is use for soft rock drilling, it slow and energy consuming. This method was earlier uses to drill the first oil cat well and is also employed by the old men in drilling water well in  sedimentary environment for water. The combination of the principle of both percussive and rotary drilling techniques is know as rotary percussive Drilling method. This method tend to be more efficient, as the drill bit rotate down the hole, the hammer impact compressive load on it.

This will takes me to explain the principle behind rock drilling.

How is Drilling achieve in a rock?

 Before I explain this, I will like to mention some type of drilling machines and also mention some of the most important part of a drilling machine. Examples of a Drilling machine are; wagon drilling machine, jumbo (underground), jack hammer among other machines.

The important part of a Drilling machine are; 

1. Drill: This supply energy to perform the drilling (called energy supplier or source)

2. Drill string/pipe: usually hollow pipes made of high strength metal. It perform three main function, 1. Transmit the energy from the rotary table to the drill bit, 2. Transport drilling fluid to the hole bottom, 3. Help in advancing the drill bit as the drilling depth increases

3. Drill bit: This is the energy applicator, this ultilize the energy transmitted by the drill string against the stability and the initia of rock grains to bore hole of define circumference in the rock in contact. This so called bit is design such that it has all the strength, shape, structure and other properties required to download negative energy into the rock grains and weaken it for hole formation. Bit is usually of different type base on cost, material use, shape & orientation e.t.c.Some examples of drill bit are the; cone bit, drag bit, to mention few. 

The mechanism behind drilling is simply explained in three steps:

1. The drill bit rotate and impact energy on the rock matrix, 

2. The rock grains matrix loss strength and become weaken as soon as the impacted energy is greater than their grain internal resistance strength.

3. As soon as the rotating/impacting energy of the bit increases to the rock breaking point, Micro fractures develop within the grain matrix structure either intergranularly or intraganularly.

This energy level at which the rock grains fractures and loss stability in mineral processing is called the *work index*. Remember, I only mentioned three important part of the drilling machine, there are many other parts like, rotary table, collar, control board, air hose, among others. In rotary percussive drilling machine the drill system can have it hammer mounted in two ways:

1. Surface mounted 

2. Down the hole DTH hammer

Surface mounted, the hammer is located above the drill rod. The percussion load is transmit through the drill string to the bit. The main disadvantage of this is that, most of the energy supplied by the hammer are been lost during transmission, only less amount is delivered to the drill bit to do work. The energy can be lost by vibration, heat, among other ways. For DTH, the hammer is place directly above the drill bit the energy is supply to the bit directly as the hammer hit the bit. DTH is also called ITH (in the hole). 

Before drilling operation is carried out, drilling is planned. The structure and the arrangement of the hole is design. the hole parameters design are; burden, spacing, hole depth, drill pattern to mention few.This design is very important, as it affects the blasting output. Poor drill design result into production of oversize, and less optimum size. For the seek of year one students who will be resing this article,  I will give definition to some terms now.

Note most of my definition are from my practical view, they tend to make you understand what I am talking about clearly.

Note them all, you may not find such in any textbook.

Some important definition use in drilling And blasting

I will give some on Drilling now, and for the blasting lecture I will give that related to Blasting

1. Burden: this is the distance between two rows of hole. It also define technically as the distance between the drill hole row to the free face.

2. Spacing is the distance between two adjacent holes in the same row

3. Stemming length: the length of the drill hole filled with cutting materials to confine explosive charge in a hole.

4. Subdrill: the extra hole length drill beyond the bench level to provide base for the bench floor

5. Bench height: is the maximum drill height per blasting. Is also the vertical distance between bench Crest and toe

 6. Drill pattern: is the arrangement of holes on the bench floor.

7. Free face: this is the open surface that form the pit or mine face.

8. Drill cuttings: this is the rock particule cut by the bit as it advance into the rock. 

9. Drill fluid: This is liquid, gas or mud use during Drilling to ease penetration, lubricate drill system and also remove cutting among other functions like hole wall stabilization.

There are other terms, but with this you have the required basic knowledge needed to know about Drilling.

 Drilling pattern use depend on the purpose of drilling.

Drill done for developmental purpose are carried out to:

1. Collect sample

2. Reserve estimation

3. Grade determination

4. Exploration generally.

Has different pattern compared to that carried out for blasting purpose. Developmental Drilling pattern can be systematic, regular, irregular pattern among others. But for Drilling carried out for blasting the pattern can be:

1. Square pattern: the pattern in which the burden and spacing is the same.

2. Rectangular pattern: in this pattern, the spacing is greater than the burden by 1.45-1.55 depending on the rock strength.

3. Staggered pattern: in this the spacing is greater than the burden by 1.1-1.25

The type of drilling pattern use depend on the rock strength and the rock blastability. The drill parameters affect the blast output so much as the fragmentation depend vividly on this parameters.As we all know that, the main aim of Mining is to make profit. The downstream operations like crushing, grinding, separation/screening depend on the fragmentation of the rock. Poor fragmentation apart from affecting g downstream operation, it also affect loading operation and haulage operation/haulage cycle also know as fleet design. Fleet design is mainly on the modification of haulage operation in the mine so as to achieve maximum efficiency, also to avoid haulage and loading equipment under usage and over usage. But before I start the next lecture, I will talk on how to design a Drilling operation for specific hole diameter.

 As a Mining Engineer, knowing this design alone is a tool for you, during job interview as a blasting Engineer. I will also, Mention some software you can learn on which are use for Drilling and blasting optimization.

I will talk on Kuznetsov, rammler and Cunningham fragmentation model both modified and original model.

 more in the next post
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UPDATE ON COVID19

Mining Sector: The Conduit of worth

Many questions runs through my mind in 2016 when I was about to start the journey of my 5 years mining engineering study in Federal University of Technology Akure. I kept asking myself, which field is wealth host as far as Engineering is concern? 

Why?

Because I am aware of how many graduates have nothing doing after NYSC than to start from square one"learning peti trade"

The first thing that comes into my mind was the abundant availability of mineral resources in Nigeria my country.

I know From economics, establishment of companies in any country depend vividly on the availability of raw materials. I also understand from news that, the chance of getting job in my country is narrow if the wrong course is study but wide if the right course is study.

But to be candidly speaking, there is no wrong or right department, the only problem is that most final year student  produced from most institutions are usually valueless. Some may study Geology without any useful Geology mineral incense  in their head.

The problem when it comes to education is that, "Is not always the amount of the dog in the fight, but the amount of the fight in the dog". The mineral appearance in terms of color is not the employee concern but the streak produce when strike on operation streak plate. As a Mining Engineering student, what color will you produce in labour market, what can you offer ? What can you do in a unique way? What can you contribute to change the stope and the productivity of a mine?

As a graduate of any department, you most have some skills and things you can answer to, things you can handle yourself in your own way.

Who is a Miner?

A miner is a person who extracts ore, coal, or other mineral from the earth through mining. There are two senses in which the term is used. In its narrowest sense, a miner is someone who works at the rock face; cutting, blasting, or otherwise working and removing the rock.

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposits. These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner.
Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain any material that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water.

Scope of Mining

The earth has its many resources. The rich layers of minerals have helped us survive for centuries now. These resources are found in a very different form in the earth's atmosphere compared to the forms in which we use them.
The gold that we buy, sell and use for occasions was formed millions of years ago in in the outer space, when a star exploded or became a supernova. During the formation of Earth, asteroids carried masses of gold and it was spread across the crust of the earth's surface.
Gold is from outer space. Isn't it interesting to think about how something that came millions of miles away is being used for daily use, and our stock exchange depends on the buying and selling of it. Even the technology we use and many medical purposes include the use of gold. All of this is possible because of mining.

Key skills for mining engineers

• Confidence.
• Problem-solving and analytical skills.
• Organisation and efficiency.
• Independence.
• Strong technical skills.
• Teamworking skills.
• Managerial and interpersonal skills.
• IT skills.
• Technological skills
• Workplace Knowledge
• Inter-personal skills

What differenciate Mining field from every other Engineering feild is that, Mining is the mother board of Engineering. The field interaction with all other Engineering fields.

mechanical engineer

Mining field involve the use of heavy equipments like excavator, payloader, trucks, dumpers among other.

Civil Engineer

Mineral deposit are situated in remote area which is usually an undeveloped area, mining industry needs to construct an access road for hauling from the mine site to the beneficiary plant.

Mentioning few of Engineering fields.

For a mining Engineer to survive, he/she must have the knowledge of all this feilds so as to work with them economically.

As an aspiring Mining Engineer, getting knowledge from other Fields, geology, mechanical, electrical,civil, metallurgical engineering among other Fields is not a waste but a treasure for better days.

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The influence of COVID19 on Miners

COVID19 pandemic is generally know as a world wide challenge at this time.

According to NCDC, Nigeria has recorded 288 cases as at today 10/04/2020. Mineral industry 

Miners as other Nigeria workers lament on the effect of this pandemic as it's affect their operations in the mine.

The president of Mining Association of Nigeria (MAN) as earlier declare the shutdown of all Mining industries in the country to contain further spread of the virus.

Compliance to this order by the Miner will cost them a lot. Foreigner mine workers will definitely evacuate the country as well as those in charge of processing plants. Remember what civil war did to Enugu coal mine till today.

This holiday will also led to the abandonment of mine surface water which will require high pumping cost.

Apart from dewatering cost, most developed pit face will have been locked by erosive sediments and debris.

.......If the pandemic could stop mining operations . How do we find to pay annual service fee for the Year. 

What palliative measure will Government provide for the Mining company to cater for itself and the Workers.

Many Chinese who are partners to industrial Mineral Miners had not returned since they travelled for Chinese New year early in the Year. 

Many Miners are on operation Loans already invested in overburden removal among others. .

Government really need to come to the Miners aid as a Palliative Measures. (Engr. Fatai Jimoh)

Also, Government assistance on dewatering will also be a welcome development.

Miner Association of Nigeria response to COVID19

world wide effect of COVID19 on Mining

Artificial Neutral Network ANN

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Artificial Neutral Network ANN is a machine learning that mimics human natural neurons.

It involves training data set to create a network that predicts as many as possible output using Sigmoid and logic function and other nonlinear activation function.Different algorithm can be use depending on the amount of available data set and required Mean square error and R.

This is highly applicable in mining for Blast optimization, prediction of strength parameters, block number in dimension stone quarry, among others.

Any thing optimization and prediction in mine or other field ANN is the solution.

Talking on Akure explosion

I will share things  to clear somethings about #AKURE_Explosion

This incident was fishy to me at start, but as an explosive engineer and Mining Engineer in making I try to make some findings about what really happened.
 Firstly, explosive of large quantity is capable of creating such crater depending on it concentration.
I will start with this, that the explosive been transported are usually contained in a vane/truck.
*Why will the explosive detonate and create a crater??*
*Reason for the Explosive Initiation*
1. By definition, Explosive is a chemical  compound which can be liquid or solid capable of undergoing rapid or violent detonation (in form of exothermic reaction)  under the influence of an impulse such as heat, fire, spark, lighting to release large volume of gas, waves and Energy.
Can the Explosive be initiated by fire even when not charge with any primer or blasting accessories??? Yes.
There are sinerio where there is explosive misfire under the influence of thurder lighting (This is why blasting regulation according to Mineral and Mining Act include that: All blasting operation should be suspended if the section 91 man observe the possibility of rain)
 2. From research, Explosive is more active and highly reactive when contained or  enclosed.
The FUTA 87th Inugural lecture delivered by Prof. Opafunso "The first Mining Engineer in Nigeria" was titled: *Explosive for war or Peace*
From the lecture, Prof. Explain why gun powder as an explosive will be powerless unless it been confined. Case of local gun use for hunting.
The truck carrying the explosive in container had created the required confinement which the Explosive needs to detonate.
Meanwhile, if the Explosive is not contained most secondary and low explosive will deflagrate (Burn) due to there low Velocity of Detonation VOD.
Most secondary explosive don't explode even when put in burning fire, they explode with the help of primary explosives.
3. The Explosive have the high tendency to detonate with high VOD because the transportation is done together with the blasting accessories.
Usually, the transportation should be done separately: one truck carrying the main explosive, another truck carrying the blasting accessories like primer, detonating cord, safety fuse, among others.
Therefore: since the Explosive is been transported by one truck, deductively both main explosive and it accessories are be transported together.
 *Why will the Truck explode and create crater having Bigger diameter at start and small diameter base???*
Well, there is something, that UI metrology Proffessor  in that video previously realeased don't understand about the reason for the crater shape and I will explain that now My explanation is summarize in this simple illustration:
*It will be recall that if a man punch a flexible surface, the pressure of his blow will be a function of the area cover by his hand*
I want to explain some things about explosive detonation. When an explosive detonate, it releases wave in a radial form.
I mean ✴ or 🔆
Another characteristic of explosive at detonation are:
1. If the oxygen balance of the Explosive is positive, it won't release any toxic gas or fine upon Detonation
Also, it won't leave any left over explosive particules. The explosion impact compression on the truck downward.
The truck as an obstacle contain some of the down traveling waves.
As a result of this, the free face wave travel at high VOD but the down traveling waves are restricted by the truck engine which makes it form a crater on ground instead of free casting and cracking of the ground.
Also, remember from civil engineering design the road base and sub base are usually well compacted and usually of high resistance.
This also support the weakening of the waves.
At initial, the waves generated from the Explosion is of high VOD and strength (creating wide opening) but due to the resistance from the truck engine and the road base and sub base material the waves VOD and strength reduce. The deeper point of the crater is the center of the truck container with high Explosive concentration which has the capacity of generating stronger S, L and P waves with higher strength.
In conclusion: From my findings so far, have been able to confirm the source and the destination of the Explosive been transported. Even from news.

The Explosive is from Intrachem company.
Is to be delivered to one Quarry located *Agoo* beside Petral granite Quarry.
Ago is a town located between Igarra and Ikpeshi Akoko Edo area in Edo state.

So, it obvious now that the Akure incident an Explosion not Astroid.

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Questions and answers

[3/30, 10:00 AM] : Engr, can a van of explosive cause such panicking in the whole of Akure and it environment. Some said it got to Ado...
I have worked in an environment that has about 7 to 8 quarries. We're don't notify ourselves before blasting  and yet it does not go beyond the kajola environment in ABK...

How did the driver, Security personnel escaped that blasting?

Where is the driver that drove the the van?

I do not agree it just an explosive that exploded.

Some quarry can use a van of explosive once and it does not cause panicking in the whole of Abk else the ministry would have locked all the quarries in Abk
Response
Giant Miner: Yes,
Because the total Explosive in the vane was detonated together once.
In the case of quarries, you have the Explosive charged in spaced holes.
Also, the Explosive detonation in a quarry is use to do work (break rocks). As a result of this, the release waves are use to fragment massive in situ rocks in place. Unlike the case of Akure Explosion, the Explosive is detonated in a free face, no obstacles or barrier to absorb the release waves

 Another question

[3/30, 11:32 AM]: If I throw a bomb in a free space or i place the bomb under the rock. Which one would make the highest sound?

GiantMiner:

Apart from Explosive  other possible cause of such Explosion are:
1. *Astroid:* which can't be positive because:
Falling of Astroid from space will leave hundreds dead due to the toxic gases and fume associated to it landing. Read about *big bang* In the days of dinosaur.

2. Missile from terrorist: can a missile be fired to destroy Explosive vane or to cause Explosion of the vane and damage community??
Nooooo
Cause, if that is the target, the missile will be shoot when the vane is in town not at such scattered community
[3/30, 11:35 AM] Giant Miner: That at free space.
Cause,  for that of rock : the energy release will not only interrupt with air(causing air blast) but also fragment rock, propel fly rocks and also sustain wave
[3/30, 11:38 AM] Giant Miner: But for free face Explosive: is will cause greater airblast.
As airblast(sound source) during explosive detonation is a function of mass of Explosion in containment (E) and the distance from nearby Obstacles
[3/30, 11:40 AM] Giant Miner: P=(140(E/200)^1/3)/D
You can get the E, mass of the Explosive,
P is the air blast or overpressure
D is the distance
[3/30, 11:41 AM] Giant Miner: If u have access to the above parameters, you can calculate the possible airblast at any point from the detonation point.
So, with this you can get if is truly Explosive blast or not
[3/30, 11:43 AM] Giant Miner: But even without going by calculation.
From detail findings, the incident is Explosion.
If you need more research we can get airblast decibel information from any nearby metrology station point and check.

Well, according to Information the driver and other concern persons are in hospital.
The driver evacuate the scene with the bomb squard.

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