Blasting operation is one of the Technology use in breaking rock mass into smaller sizes. Since rock exist as an Anisotropic and heterogenous massive solid at the lithosphere it therefore requires the use of energetic Technique like blasting to generate sufficient shock wave for fracturing and gas Energy for casting down. Mining operation is known to be a capital intensive project whether small scale or large scale, likewise the place of safety is insuschangable. At this expenses, Blasting operation dictates the cost of other preceding operation and even the downstream operations. Blasting operation is a professional work that and a bit difficult to design for ordinary person since two major factors affect the output result which are the controllable factors such as burden and other hole geometry parameters and uncontrollable factors such as rock strength and other geological and geotechnical properties of rock.
Making balance between this two factors to ensure maximum energy is supply for optimum fragmentation becomes a difficult task. Failure to achieve this gives high cost Blasting, environmental challenges such as flyrock, misfire, overbreak, ground vibration among others. Minimizing this in small scale mine who make use of jack hammer and other small hole diameter drill machine becomes a problem an therefore causing diverse limitation in Nigeria mining sector and other countries.
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